Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by snoring and marked daytime sleepiness. The word "Apnea" refers to the cessation of breathing that individuals with this disorder experience throughout the night.

    The cause of sleep apnea is primarily due to the collapse of the upper airway, resulting in partial or total blockage of air entering the lungs. Rarely is the individual aware that this process is occurring. Frequently, the breathing disorder is identified by a troubled spouse who has often witnessed apneic episodes or Snoring for several years before the patient brings it to the attention of their physician. The Excessive Daytime Sleepiness associated with this disorder is due to poor sleep quality, despite the fact that affected individuals usually seem to sleep soundly through the night. Sleep studies demonstrate the inability that these patients face to reach the deeper stages of sleep necessary for sleep to be refreshing. As well as feeling sleepy, individuals with this disorder have an increased incidence of high blood pressure, confusion, early morning headaches, depression, increased nocturnal urination, and reduced sexual drive. Untreated sleep apnea can result in a stroke or a heart attack. The diagnosis of sleep apnea is made after an overnight sleep study, known as a polysomnogram. A sleep study is generally recommended after a thorough medical history and examination reveal symptoms of the disorder.

    Once the diagnosis of sleep apnea is made, many therapeutic interventions are considered by the evaluating physician. These include using CPAP (pressure devices) to keep the airway open, surgery, and/or dental appliances. The most appropriate treatment depends upon the degree of airway obstruction and oxygen deprivation that occurs during the night. In addition, the patient's own wishes are considered, since younger individuals may desire a surgical remedy that may reduce the need for medical devices. All of these options, including benefits and side effects of each recommendation, are outlined to each patient. Most sleep apnea patients are extremely gratified after only one night of rest. Treatment of sleep apnea requires long term follow-up to ensure that sleep apnea does not worsen or recur after medical or surgical intervention.

    Patients who have sleep apnea complicated by excessive weight gain may dramatically respond to normalization of their weight. Unfortunately, sleep apnea probably contributes to weight gain by reducing an individual's physical activity level as a result of chronic sleepiness or fatigue. The weight-gain-sleep apnea cycle persists despite patient's best efforts. The best results with weight loss are achieved by consulting the dietician at your local hospital for guidance or joining a weight loss program such as Weight Watchers. In addition, there are specific physicians who specialize in assisting in weight loss. Contact your primary physician, if you are interested in such a referral.

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